安装指南

1. ClawHub CLI 从源直接安装技能的最快方式。
   npx clawhub@latest install legacy-circuit-mockups
2. 手动安装 将技能文件夹复制到以下位置之一
   全局模式
   ~/.openclaw/skills/
   工作区
   /skills/
   优先级：工作区 > 本地 > 内置
3. 提示词安装 将此提示词复制到 OpenClaw 即可自动安装。
   请帮我使用 Clawhub 安装 legacy-circuit-mockups。如果尚未安装 Clawhub，请先安装（npm i -g clawhub）。
   更倾向于下载？
   获取包含原生技能文件的ZIP压缩包。
   下载技能 (.zip)

什么是

复古电路模型图是 Openclaw Skills 资源，可运用 HTML5 Canvas 绘图技术创建面包板电路模型图、元件布局图和复古计算机原理图。它能帮助开发者和电子爱好者以结构化、易读的布局呈现元件、引脚、导线、标签、电源轨和信号路径。
此技能支持围绕 W65C02S 处理器、28C256 EEPROM、62256 SRAM、W65C22 VIA 芯片、NE555 定时器、7400 系列逻辑芯片、LED、电阻、电容、开关、晶振及其他元件构建的经典项目。它旨在用于可视化和文档编制，而非电气仿真；参考文件提供元件规格和引脚排列详情。

应用场景

为单个 LED 和电阻电路创建面包板布局。
可视化 555 定时器无稳态或单稳态电路，包括定时元件和输出负载。
模拟 Ben Eater 风格的 6502 计算机，包含存储器、I/O、时钟、复位、地址、数据和控制总线。
绘制复古计算机原理图和老式电子项目图。
在电子教学内容中说明元件布局和导线布线。
在实际组装面包板电路前制作视觉参考图。
使用颜色区分电源、接地、时钟、地址、数据和控制连接。
使用标签、注释、引脚排列参考和网格对齐的布局记录电路概念。

工作原理

确认用户要求的电路、项目类型、元件和预期视觉效果。
查阅相关内置参考资料，了解面包板惯例、元件尺寸、引脚排列和电气行为。
定义 Canvas 尺寸，并将元件位置吸附到标准 20px 面包板网格。
使用结构化对象表示每个元件，其中包含类型、位置、尺寸、旋转角度和元件专属属性。
放置电源轨和主要集成电路，并注意方向和引脚访问要求。
添加电阻、电容、LED、开关、晶振或电位器等无源和有源元件。
创建包含起点和终点坐标的导线对象，并按照电源、接地、定时、总线和控制信号的惯例设置颜色。
添加标签、注释、引脚标识和信号名称，让图表可用作搭建参考。
执行电路专属检查，例如 LED 极性、IC 电源连接、555 定时器接线，或 6502 复位和总线信号。
将最终 HTML5 Canvas 模型图渲染为清晰的视觉示意图，并依据故障排除指南检查常见连接错误。

配置指南

前置条件
可使用复古电路模型图技能的 Openclaw Skills 兼容环境。
熟悉 HTML5 Canvas 绘图和 JavaScript 对象结构。
具备面包板行、列、中间沟槽和电源轨的基础知识。
能够访问包含元件引脚排列和规格的内置参考文件。
安装与配置
所提供的 SKILL.md 未定义包管理器、代码库 URL、可执行文件或独立 CLI 安装命令。请通过宿主代理的标准技能加载机制配置此技能，然后让代理能够访问内置的 references/ 目录。

此技能未指定独立安装命令。

通过宿主 Openclaw Skills 配置加载复古电路模型图。

Canvas 配置
使用 20px 网格实现一致的布局和吸附效果：
const gridSize = 20;
const cellX = Math.floor(x / gridSize) * gridSize;
const cellY = Math.floor(y / gridSize) * gridSize;
生成图表前，选择适当的参考资料，定义面包板尺寸，设置 +5V 和 GND 电源轨，并确定要采用的导线颜色惯例。

数据架构

元件对象
每个渲染的元件都遵循一致的 JavaScript 结构：
字段 用途
type 元件标识符，例如 w65c02s、ne555、led 或 resistor
x, y 与网格对齐的 Canvas 位置
width, height 视觉占用尺寸
rotation 以度数表示的方向：0、90、180 或 270
properties 元件专属元数据，例如电阻值、电容值、LED 颜色或封装详情
{
type: 'component-type',
x: gridX,
y: gridY,
width: componentWidth,
height: componentHeight,
rotation: 0,
properties: { /* component-specific data */ }
}
导线对象
导线以坐标对形式存储，并明确指定显示颜色：
{
start: { x: startX, y: startY },
end: { x: endX, y: endY },
color: '#ff0000'
}
支持的元数据分类
处理器和存储器： W65C02S、28C256 EEPROM、W65C22 VIA 和 62256 SRAM。
逻辑和定时： NE555、7400 NAND、7402 NOR、7404 inverter、7408 AND 和 7432 OR。
无源元件和接口元件： LED、电阻、电容、晶振、开关、按钮、电位器和光敏电阻。
信号和电源轨： +5V 电源、GND、时钟、地址总线、数据总线、控制信号和通用布线。
参考文件： 元件规格、面包板规则、组装资源、模拟器参考资料、LCD 指南和编程器文档。
导线颜色分类
颜色 含义
红色 +5V 或电源
黑色 接地
黄色 时钟或定时
蓝色 地址总线
绿色 数据总线
橙色 控制信号
白色 通用连接

高级特性

使用标准 20px 坐标系统进行网格吸附，确保元件布局一致。
支持 0、90、180 和 270 度方向的感知旋转元件对象。
采用包含坐标端点和语义颜色编码的结构化导线数据。
支持由 W65C02S、EEPROM、VIA、SRAM 和 7400 系列地址译码逻辑组成的多芯片 6502 系统。
提供适用于 NE555、W65C02S 和 28C256 器件的引脚排列感知示意图。
提供关于总线、复位信号、定时路径、电源轨和元件极性的教学注释。
提供电气参考公式，涵盖欧姆定律、LED 限流、功率、555 无稳态和单稳态定时、电容电抗及电容储能。
由面包板、元件连接、模拟器、LCD 接口、汇编和 EEPROM 编程器文档支持的参考资料驱动工作流。
提供针对 LED 不亮、电源缺失、IC 电源连接错误、555 电路不振荡和 6502 复位问题的故障排除指南。
专注于视觉建模工作流，用于记录电路结构，但不声称能够执行完整的电气仿真。

name: legacy-circuit-mockups description: 'Generate breadboard circuit mockups and visual diagrams using HTML5 Canvas drawing techniques. Use when asked to create circuit layouts, visualize electronic component placements, draw breadboard diagrams, mockup 6502 builds, generate retro computer schematics, or design vintage electronics projects. Supports 555 timers, W65C02S microprocessors, 28C256 EEPROMs, W65C22 VIA chips, 7400-series logic gates, LEDs, resistors, capacitors, switches, buttons, crystals, and wires.'

Legacy Circuit Mockups

A skill for creating breadboard circuit mockups and visual diagrams for retro computing and electronics projects. This skill leverages HTML5 Canvas drawing mechanisms to render interactive circuit layouts featuring vintage components like the 6502 microprocessor, 555 timer ICs, EEPROMs, and 7400-series logic gates.

When to Use This Skill

User asks to "create a breadboard layout" or "mockup a circuit"

User wants to visualize component placement on a breadboard

User needs a visual reference for building a 6502 computer
User asks to "draw a circuit" or "diagram electronics"

User wants to create educational electronics visuals

User mentions Ben Eater tutorials or retro computing projects
User asks to mockup 555 timer circuits or LED projects

User needs to visualize wire connections between components

Prerequisites

Understanding of component pinouts from bundled reference files
Knowledge of breadboard layout conventions (rows, columns, power rails)

Supported Components

Microprocessors & Memory

Component Pins Description

W65C02S 40-pin DIP 8-bit microprocessor with 16-bit address bus 28C256 28-pin DIP 32KB parallel EEPROM W65C22 40-pin DIP Versatile Interface Adapter (VIA) 62256 28-pin DIP 32KB static RAM

Logic & Timer ICs

Component Pins Description

NE555 8-pin DIP Timer IC for timing and oscillation 7400 14-pin DIP Quad 2-input NAND gate 7402 14-pin DIP Quad 2-input NOR gate 7404 14-pin DIP Hex inverter (NOT gate) 7408 14-pin DIP Quad 2-input AND gate 7432 14-pin DIP Quad 2-input OR gate

Passive & Active Components

Component Description

LED Light emitting diode (various colors)
Resistor Current limiting (configurable values)
Capacitor Filtering and timing (ceramic/electrolytic)

Crystal Clock oscillator

Switch Toggle switch (latching)

Button Momentary push button

Potentiometer Variable resistor

Photoresistor Light-dependent resistor

Grid System

// Standard breadboard grid: 20px spacing
const gridSize = 20;
const cellX = Math.floor(x / gridSize) * gridSize;
const cellY = Math.floor(y / gridSize) * gridSize;

Component Rendering Pattern

// All components follow this structure:
{
type: 'component-type',
x: gridX,
y: gridY,
width: componentWidth,
height: componentHeight,
rotation: 0, // 0, 90, 180, 270
properties: { /* component-specific data */ }
}

Wire Connections

// Wire connection format:
{
start: { x: startX, y: startY },
end: { x: endX, y: endY },
color: '#ff0000' // Wire color coding
}

Step-by-Step Workflows

Creating a Basic LED Circuit Mockup

Define breadboard dimensions and grid

Place power rail connections (+5V and GND)

Add LED component with anode/cathode orientation

Place current-limiting resistor

Draw wire connections between components

Add labels and annotations

Creating a 555 Timer Circuit

Place NE555 IC on breadboard (pins 1-4 left, 5-8 right)
Connect pin 1 (GND) to ground rail
Connect pin 8 (Vcc) to power rail

Add timing resistors and capacitors

Wire trigger and threshold connections

Connect output to LED or other load

Creating a 6502 Microprocessor Layout

Place W65C02S centered on breadboard

Add 28C256 EEPROM for program storage

Place W65C22 VIA for I/O

Add 7400-series logic for address decoding

Wire address bus (A0-A15)
Wire data bus (D0-D7)
Connect control signals (R/W, PHI2, RESB)

Add reset button and clock crystal

Component Pinout Quick Reference

555 Timer (8-pin DIP)

Pin Name Function

1 GND Ground (0V) 2 TRIG Trigger (< 1/3 Vcc starts timing) 3 OUT Output (source/sink 200mA) 4 RESET Active-low reset 5 CTRL Control voltage (bypass with 10nF) 6 THR Threshold (> 2/3 Vcc resets) 7 DIS Discharge (open collector) 8 Vcc Supply (+4.5V to +16V) W65C02S (40-pin DIP) - Key Pins

Pin Name Function

8 VDD Power supply 21 VSS Ground 37 PHI2 System clock input 40 RESB Active-low reset 34 RWB Read/Write signal 9-25 A0-A15 Address bus 26-33 D0-D7 Data bus 28C256 EEPROM (28-pin DIP) - Key Pins

Pin Name Function

14 GND Ground 28 VCC Power supply 20 CE Chip enable (active-low) 22 OE Output enable (active-low) 27 WE Write enable (active-low) 1-10, 21-26 A0-A14 Address inputs 11-19 I/O0-I/O7 Data bus

Formulas Reference

Resistor Calculations

Ohm's Law: V = I × R
LED Current: R = (Vcc - Vled) / Iled
Power: P = V × I = I² × R 555 Timer Formulas

Astable Mode:

Frequency: f = 1.44 / ((R1 + 2×R2) × C)
High time: t₁ = 0.693 × (R1 + R2) × C
Low time: t₂ = 0.693 × R2 × C
Duty cycle: D = (R1 + R2) / (R1 + 2×R2) × 100%

Monostable Mode:

Pulse width: T = 1.1 × R × C

Capacitor Calculations

Capacitive reactance: Xc = 1 / (2πfC)
Energy stored: E = ½ × C × V²

Color Coding Conventions

Wire Colors

Color Purpose

Red +5V / Power

Black Ground

Yellow Clock / Timing

Blue Address bus

Green Data bus

Orange Control signals

White General purpose

LED Colors

Color Forward Voltage

Red 1.8V - 2.2V
Green 2.0V - 2.2V
Yellow 2.0V - 2.2V
Blue 3.0V - 3.5V
White 3.0V - 3.5V

Build Examples

Build 1 — Single LED

Components: Red LED, 220Ω resistor, jumper wires, power source

Steps:

Insert black jumper wire from power GND to row A5

Insert red jumper wire from power +5V to row J5
Place LED with cathode (short leg) in row aligned with GND
Place 220Ω resistor between power and LED anode
Build 2 — 555 Astable Blinker

Components: NE555, LED, resistors (10kΩ, 100kΩ), capacitor (10µF)

Steps:

Place 555 IC straddling center channel

Connect pin 1 to GND, pin 8 to +5V
Connect pin 4 to pin 8 (disable reset)
Wire 10kΩ between pin 7 and +5V
Wire 100kΩ between pins 6 and 7
Wire 10µF between pin 6 and GND
Connect pin 3 (output) to LED circuit

Troubleshooting

Issue Solution

LED doesn't light Check polarity (anode to +, cathode to -)
Circuit doesn't power Verify power rail connections

IC not working Check VCC and GND pin connections

555 not oscillating Verify threshold/trigger capacitor wiring

Microprocessor stuck Check RESB is HIGH after reset pulse

References

Detailed component specifications are available in the bundled reference files:

555.md - Complete 555 timer IC specification 6502.md - MOS 6502 microprocessor details 6522.md - W65C22 VIA interface adapter 28256-eeprom.md - AT28C256 EEPROM specification 6C62256.md - 62256 SRAM details 7400-series.md - TTL logic gate pinouts assembly-compiler.md - Assembly compiler specification
assembly-language.md - Assembly language specification
basic-electronic-components.md - Resistors, capacitors, switches
breadboard.md - Breadboard specifications
common-breadboard-components.md - Comprehensive component reference
connecting-electronic-components.md - Step-by-step build guides
emulator-28256-eeprom.md - Emulating 28256-eeprom specification
emulator-6502.md - Emulating 6502 specification
emulator-6522.md - Emulating 6522 specification
emulator-6C62256.md - Emulating 6C62256 specification
emulator-lcd.md - Emulating a LCD specification
lcd.md - LCD display interfacing
minipro.md - EEPROM programmer usage
t48eeprom-programmer.md - T48 programmer reference
从文件编写编码规范

TLDR Prompt